ARTICLE 60 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE March 2026 ciency. A critical factor to consider is the “Bioavailability Gap.” Most common yeast-derived sources are protein-bound, which leads to limited intestinal release and often results in bioavailability levels around 20% or less. In contrast, purified, fermentation-based nucleotide (IMP or GMP) is protein-free and ready for immediate absorption, providing significantly higher intestinal availability. Beyond absorption rates, the “Profile Balance” is equally important. Figure 3 illustrates this imbalance; it shows that Brewers Yeast contains disproportionately low levels of IMP, while other pyrimidines dominate the profile. Purified IMP, however, provides a consistent and high-potency supply that ensures efficient salvage pathway activation through direct nucleoside supply. For producers looking for reproducible results and maximal growth, choosing a purified form is a more reliable way to bridge the nutritional gap and achieve superior performance. CONCLUSION The strategic addition of nucleotides is no longer an “optional” luxury in high-efficiency antibiotic-free intensive production system. Nucleotides optimize natural growth and resilience by conserving metabolic energy and providing the essential building blocks for rapid cell turnover. References 1. Asaduzzaman, M., et al. (2017). Dietary nucleotide administration influences growth, muscle fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy in Nile tilapia. Aquaculture, 479, 1-9. 2. Collins, S. L., et al. (2023). Bile acids and the gut microbiota. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(4), 236-247. 3. Dawson, P. A. (1998). Bile secretion and the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 4. Jung, B., & Batal, A. B. (2012). Effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on broiler chicken performance. Poultry Science, 91(6), 1288-1297. 5. Kandell, R. L., & Bernstein, C. (1991). Bile salt/acid induction of DNA damage. Infection and Immunity, 59(1). 6. Luppi, A., et al. (2023). Diagnostic Approach to Enteric Disorders in Pigs. Animals (Basel), 13(3), 338. 7. Park, S. J., et al. (2011). Prevalence of Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in Grower Pigs in Jeju-do. J Vet Clin, 28(1), 81-86. 8. Sun, Y., & Kim, S. W. (2017). Nutritional intervention to prevent postweaning diarrhea. Animal Nutrition, 3(4), 322-330. 9. Use of Nucleotides in animal feed, Feed Mix, Vol.15 No.4, 2007. 10. Weaver, A. C., & Kim, S. W. (2014). Supplemental nucleotides high in inosine 5'-monophosphate to improve health and growth of newly weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 92(2), 645-651. 11. Xiong, J., et al. (2018). Dietary nucleotide-rich yeast supplementation improves growth, innate immunity and intestinal morphology of Pacific white shrimp. Aquaculture Nutrition. 0 1 2 3 4 5 IMP GMP AMP CMP UMP Purine Pyrimidine (g/kg) Nucleotide composition of brewer’s yeast Figure 3. Nucleotide composition of brewer's yeast (Source: Adapted from Use of Nucleotides in animal feed, Feed Mix, Vol.15 No.4, 2007)
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