ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE June 2025 39 it reduces the possibility of Salmonella to adhere to, and invade, the epithelial cells and move to the blood stream and other organs. Poultry possess the capacity to secrete avian β-defensin 9, which is an anti-microbial peptide that kills Salmonella as part of the innate as well as the adaptive immune systems. Secretion is done primarily by the spleen, and S-prove stimulates the secretion of avian β-defensin 9 in the spleen significantly – hence, increasing the animal’s antibacterial activity. Research conducted at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna has shown that S-prove increases the number of T-cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ cell numbers were elevated; but the activated cytotoxic CD8+ cells (CD8CD25), in particular, were significantly increased, indicating that the cellular adaptive immune system has a higher capacity to kill the bacterially contaminated cells. In addition to this specific killing activity of the active CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells also initiate the secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, as required. This means faster and more efficient response against antigens. Although T-cells are part of the adaptive immune system, they are often considered to be the bridge between the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Earlier research by Wang et al (2023) has proven that poultry with a reduced H/L-ratio (heterophil/lymphocyte ratio or ‘innate/adaptive’) are more resilient to Salmonella infections. CONCLUSION Successfully preventing Salmonella contamination can only occur when proper risk determination has taken place to identify the main sources of contamination or re-contamination – not only in the poultry houses but also in the broader environment. Focusing on the activities or animals that pose a risk is not sufficient to reduce the incidence of Salmonella-positive birds in your operation. Working on the transmission route by increasing the natural resistance of poultry to Salmonella contamination and by enhancing the antibacterial activity against Salmonella in the animal is crucial in safeguarding your product, your brand name, and your profitability. Supplant D Supporting affordable food safety • Improves general health condition • Raises ROI • Increases dry litter • Supports against Salmonella agrimprove.com S-prove
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