ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE May 2025 53 valid as the data put into AI models. Sampling error can skew AI-generated results, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions. For example, a greater amount of data collected from one country or a higher concentration of samples from an area experiencing high levels of contamination may skew the broader dataset. A lack of proper sample labeling procedures can further complicate sampling. Takeaway 6: Interactions with emerging mycotoxins may affect toxicity levels Enniatins are an interesting group of emerging mycotoxins that are produced from Fusarium fungus. They act as natural ionophores and disrupt cellular calcium homeostasis and affect mitochondrial function. They can also act as enzyme inhibitors, affecting processes like lipid metabolism. Such an effect of enniatins may potentially increase the negative effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), leading to enhanced overall toxicity. Already in Europe, these two mycotoxins are reported at significant concentrations in animal feeds. Takeaway 7: Climate and infrastructure in different regions contribute to the global mycotoxin challenge Conditions that are out of producers’ hands can contribute to different mycotoxin issues. For example, while North America has advanced harvesting technology and storage facilities, the climactic conditions of fields in the U.S. Midwest are favourable for the growth of Fusarium fungus and subsequent DON and ZEA mycotoxin production. Conditions in the months of July and August provide a perfect opportunity for this fungus to attack as evidenced by many global surveys. Conversely, climate conditions in Africa are less conducive to mould growth capable of producing DON and ZEA than in the Midwest. However, fewer good systems for storing raw materials can provide favourable conditions for the growth of moulds, capable of producing aflatoxins, and ochratoxins. Takeaway 8: Mycotoxin risk management presents an ongoing challenge and opportunity for the industry As noted at WMF, the number of known mycotoxins continues to increase. However, researchers are also pioneering innovative approaches including enzyme, microbial, and phytogenic tools to address mycotoxin risk. Additionally, differential diagnosis can help inform approaches that target the underlying issue. The research continues as new scientists are finding mycotoxin risk management an exciting area. During a Young Scientists Forum presented by Trouw Nutrition at WMF, young scientists shared their ideas for tackling both new and ongoing mycotoxin challenges worldwide. The winning idea highlighted how a better understanding of the occurrence and adverse effects of emerging mycotoxins, in addition to “Big 6” mycotoxins, may help in realizing a holistic approach to mycotoxin risk management. Within the research community, work to advance mycotoxin understanding is leading to new commercial offerings for producers. Trouw Nutrition will soon launch TOXO®-HP in Brazil, a mycotoxin mitigation tool that targets fumonisins, in addition to other wellknown and emerging mycotoxins.
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