ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE April 2025 47 3. What is the impact of the trace mineral source on the environment? Any trace metal that is consumed by the animal but not absorbed is quickly excreted by the animal, negatively impacting environmental compliance. This becomes increasingly important where the practice may be to simply overfeed inorganic trace minerals sources well above requirements to compensate for the uncertainty. Due to the instability of some trace mineral sources, this environmental impact becomes even higher as other essential nutrients react with instable sources and are excreted as well. 4. What value does it bring you? An increasing body of research has been able to demonstrate that cheaper, inorganic trace mineral sources (sulphates, oxides, etc.) have a significant number of hidden costs that impact their total cost of use. What appears to be a lower initial purchase cost can quickly become a much more expensive source of trace mineral supplementation when all associated negative side effects are taken into consideration. TWO IMPROVED TRACE MINERAL CATEGORIES Recognition of these hidden characteristics and their negative impact on animal productivity has led to the development of a long list of “improved” trace minerals sources. While the list of individual products is long, it can be shortened into two primary categories organic trace minerals, which have been present in the market for some time and hydroxy trace IntelliBond C CuSO4 IntelliBond Z ZnSO4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Rumen soluble Cu, mg/l -4h to 0h= basal diet contribution Trt(P<0.04); Time (P<0.01); Trt x time (P<0.05) *Means within a time point differ (P<0.05) Time, h Time, h * * * * * * * * * * * Rumen soluble Zn, mg/l *Caldera et al., 2019, J.Anim. Sci. 97:1852-1864 Figure 1. Effect of metal source on upper GI tract solubility*
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