Feed & Additive Magazine Issue 4 May 2021

ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE May 2021 63 It can be concluded on raw material analysis that although all grains, by-products, and protein sources were contaminated with all mycotoxins to a signifi- cant extent, the contribution of mycotoxin concen- trations towards final feed is more from grains and grain by-products. MYCOTOXIN RISK ANALYSIS Mycotoxins in feed can negatively affect livestock consuming the material, but not all mycotoxins in- fluence animals in the same way or generate the same amount of risk to production. Interactions can be different based on the types and numbers of myco- toxins present, the animal species in question, the age and gender of the animals, and the duration of mycotoxin exposure. Poultry, for example, is more tolerant to FUM contamination than swine, while cattle or dairy cows can man- age higher levels of OTA than other spe- cies of animals. To obtain a clear picture of mycotoxin risk to animals, it is advisable to analyze multiple mycotoxins in animal complete feeds rather than in- gredients. If complete feed analysis data is not available, all the ingredients that are part of the feed should be analyzed for multiple mycotox- ins. By adding myco- toxin contribution of different ingredients towards the feed lev- els of mycotoxins, total risk can also be estimated. Apart from mycotoxin analysis in feed or raw materials, other factors, such as the histo- ry of raw material sourcing, farm manager’s feedback on animal symptoms, and veterinarian’s report on post-mortem findings should be considered. GLOBAL MYCOTOXIN RISK PROFILE: 2020 A simple “Color Card” for 2020 mycotoxin risk for various species of animals is depicted in Figure 2. It should, however, be noted that the risk profile does not take into consideration the interactions that may happen among various mycotoxins. As a result, for example, if there are two or three “low toxici- ty yellow” color risks, then it may be considered as “medium toxicity orange” color risk. Overall, DON was toxic to most species of animals, followed by AF, T-2/HT-2, and ZEA. "Color Card" for 2020 Global Mycotoxin Species Risk "Color Card" for 2020 Regional Mycotoxin Concentrations (ppb)