ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE November 2024 69 IMPLICATIONS The analysis revealed remarkably stable values for the energy content of U.S. corn over the years. Gross energy averaged around 4,146 kcal/kg, with only minor annual fluctuations. Similarly, the calculated values for digestible, metabolizable, and net energy of lactation also showed minimal changes over time. This consistency underscores the reliability of U.S. corn as a dependable energy source in livestock feeding programs, regardless of variations in growing conditions. It also provides reassurance to traders, nutritionists, and livestock producers that US corn remains a reliable energy source for animal feed formulation. Based on a total of 13,366 samples spanning 12 years we were also able to calculate the following formulas to predict the energy content of US grain. DE = 3982.73 + {-3.42 × Protein (%)} + {5.88 × Oil (%)} + {-3.58 × Starch (%)} + {1.13 × NDF + WSC (%)} ME = 3351.13 + {-2.81 × Protein (%)} + {5.01 × Oil (%)} + {-3.09 × Starch (%)} + {0.90 × NDF + WSC (%)} AME = 3351.13 + {-2.81 × Protein (%)} + {5.01 × Oil (%)} + {-3.09 × Starch (%)} + {0.90 × NDF + WSC (%)} NEm = 2.06 + {-0.00259 × Protein (%)} + {0.00800 × Oil (%)} + {-0.00477 × Starch (%)} + {-0.00064 × NDF + WSC (%)} NEg = 1.66 + {-0.00259 × Protein (%)} + {0.00800 × Oil (%)} + {-0.00477 × Starch (%)} + {-0.00064 × NDF + WSC (%)} NEL = 2.17 + {-0.00124 × Protein (%)} + {0.00410 × Oil (%)} + {-0.00271 × Starch (%)} + {-0.00015 × NDF + WSC (%)} TDN = 94.99 + {-0.11 × Protein (%)} + {0.36 × Oil (%)} + {-0.09 × Starch (%)} + {0.03 × NDF + WSC (%)} Year Protein (%) Starch (%) NDF + WSC (%) GE (kcal/kg) DE (kcal/kg) ME (kcal/kg) NEL (Mcal/kg) Oil (%) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 8.72 9.32 8.69 8.53 8.09 8.56 8.64 8.49 8.28 8.45 8.51 8.74 8.83 12.70 12.56 12.85 12.91 13.14 13.79 13.79 13.88 14.20 14.31 14.34 14.24 14.29 73.75 73.20 73.56 73.56 73.74 72.43 72.23 72.41 72.27 72.18 72.10 71.92 71.84 3.63 3.72 3.70 3.8 3.83 4.02 4.14 4.02 4.05 3.86 3.85 3.90 3.84 4133 4138 4137 4142 4143 4153 4159 4153 4154 4145 4144 4147 4144 3720 3724 3723 3727 3729 3737 3743 3737 3739 3730 3730 3732 3729 3124 3128 3127 3131 3132 3139 3144 3139 3140 3133 3133 3135 3132 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.97 Table 1. Yearly Trends in U.S. Corn Nutrient Content 2011-2023 NDF: Neutral Detergent Fiber; WSC: Water Soluble Carbohydrates; GE: Gross Energy (kcal/kg); DE: Digestible Energy (kcal/kg); ME: Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg); NEL: Net Energy of Lactation (Mcal/kg), Garcia A. 2024 Starch Protein NDF + WSC Digestible Energy Metabolizable Energy Net Energy of Lactation Oil 8.60 3.87 72.71 13.62 3730.77 3133.62 1.97 Mcal/kg Average composition of US corn Kcal/kg %
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