ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE October 2024 63 vitro assays to determine the optimum combination of organism for the target profile, intestinal microbial modulation for enhanced nutrient digestion. Further refinement via in vivo assays was then undertaken. A 3-stage manufacturing process including liquid and solid fermentation and purification is used to produce a unique postbiotic combination for ruminant intestinal health, nu.biom BOS. POSTBIOTICS EFFECTS IN ADULT RUMINANT GUT HEALTH The composition of ruminal microbiota can be influenced by bacterial postbiotics, leading to increases in cellulolytic bacteria with a contemporaneous increase in VFA (Izuddin et al., 2019), although ruminal pH is less affected. The addition of postbiotics e.g. yeast-based, can help maintain rumen microbial communication during rumen challenge, for example during periods of ruminal acidosis (Guo et al., 2024). Furthermore, reductions in levels of the shiga toxin producing E. coli in rumen fluid have been demonstrated following the application of postbiotics (Aditya et al., 2022), indicating the importance of postbiotics as a tool in the One Health approach. The inclusion of postbiotics in ruminant diets has demonstrated a number of benefits for intestinal health. Improved rumen structure such as increased rumen papillae allows for increased nutrient absorption and stimulates the production of SFCA which help enhance fermentation. In the lower gut, postbiotics support a balanced microbiota, helping to lower Enterobacteriaceae populations and stimulate mucosal immunity. Further benefits such as upregulation of tight junction proteins to improve intestinal integrity and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines for immune modulation have also been shown. In dehorned calves, animals fed nu.biom BOS had 15% lower dehorning would scores while their inflammatory response to E. coli and Salmonella lipopolysaccharide was significantly lower than non-supplemented animals. Udder health can also benefit from dietary supplementation with postbiotics. lactobacillus-based postbiotics, for example, have been shown to evoke a localised IL-8 response in the udder in response to Streptococcus infection and significantly reduce somatic cell counts (Mathur et al., 2022). nu.biom BOS, has been shown to enrich the milk microbiota Management of ketosis Improved fermentation via increased cellulolytic bacteria Improved nutrient intake Enhanced feed efficiency Neurological stimulation and reduced stress Improved udder health Increased milk production Modulation lower gut microflora Improved intestinal barrier function Decreased pathogens Immune modulation Improved rumen structure Control of rumen acidosis Improved nutrient intake Figure 1. Effect of postbiotics in lactating ruminants
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