ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE October 2024 53 Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) increase the viscosity of the gut contents, impeding nutrient absorption and altering the gut microbiota composition. This alteration can lead to dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance that favours pathogenic bacteria, thereby inducing inflammation. This reaction belongs more in the pathologic type of inflammation, however, together with the metabolic intestinal inflammation they can decrease performance and in the same time affect profitability. While the lesions of the pathological inflammation can be seen with the naked eye, the ones caused by the metabolic intestinal inflammation can be seen only under the microscope. Dietary imbalances, particularly the oversupply of nutrients such as excessive protein intake, provide increased substrates for existing bacteria, including Clostridia and other pathogens, facilitating their proliferation. This overabundance can lead to enteric diseases, subsequent inflammation, and metabolic disorders. Also, elevated protein levels in the gut result in an excess of nitrogenous waste, which is converted into ammonia. This condition fosters high fermentation rates in the hindgut and supports the growth of additional pathogens. The resultant exacerbated inflammatory state heightens the risk of developing metabolic disorders. Deficiencies or excesses in micronutrients like vitamins and minerals can compromise immune function and gut health, leading to sterile inflammation. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND NOVEL APPROACHES Recent research has shed light on the mechanisms and management of chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation. Innovad, in partnership with Texas A&M University and USDA, has been at the forefront of this research. They have identified novel non-invasive biomarkers for chronic intestinal inflammation and developed new models to study its spatial and temporal patterns. For instance, it was found that inflammation affects the duodenum and jejunum early in life, while the ileum is compromised at a later stage. This insight is crucial for developing targeted interventions (Figure 1). Furthermore, real production environments were used to study chronic intestinal inflammation, providing more realistic insights compared to tradition28 days 36 days 14 days Duodenum NSP - Non-starch polysaccharides DSS - Dextran sodium sulfate doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.676628 Duodenum Jejunum Jejunum Ileum Ileum NSP DSS 22 days Figure 1. Inflammatory response in the gut days 14-36.
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