ARTICLE 76 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE August 2024 Fluorescence live-dead staining conducted on hyphae showed the percentage of cells that were significantly stained after cells were exposed to the feed additive blend at two different concentrations, and a control group. Significantly more cells were damaged after incubation with the blend at both concentrations compared to the control (Table 2). The studies validated the mode of action, showing that Actiprop can interfere with critical processes involved in energy production and ATP synthesis. Electron microscopical imagery of untreated and treated conidia showed the active ingredient’s ability to affect the cell membrane integrity and exert a disrupting effect particularly on the mitochondria, inhibiting spore germination, and growth. THE JOURNEY TO ADVANCE FEED-TO-FOOD SAFETY CONTINUES Improving understanding of the characterization and presence of specific mould species as well as cellular mechanisms and activities occurring in moulds around the world provides researchers with enhanced assurance that the model is relevant to the industry. The ability to isolate conidia in animal feed and study its metabolism kinetics, reflects Selko’s ongoing commitment to investing in innovation. Selko is delving deeper into kinetic studies and modelling as it expands its innovation pipeline. The use of cross-functional modelling and artificial intelligence will assist in enhancing the predictive capabilities used to steer feed safety efforts. Additional innovations are focusing on engineering applications. As today’s livestock producers and feel mills navigate global warming, stricter regulations on the use of fungicides, and myriad other challenges, these efforts will play a role in Selko’s purpose of Feeding the Future. Table 2. % Damage cells stained with TOTO-1 after 30 min. incubation Control FFHC ActiProp 1 FFHC ActiProp 2 Percentage of damaged cells 5.3a (± 1.43) 50.7b (± 3.43) 77.6c (± 2.85) P-Values Treatment Replicate Medium vs FFHC 1 <.0001 0.1192 Medium vs FFHC 2 <.0001 0.0562 Figure 1. STEM micrographs of conidia with a) germ tube kept for 20 minutes in malt extract, showing several vacuoles with electron dense contents (v), several nuclei (n), endoplasmic reticulum (er), regular shaped mitochondria (m). Note the complex cell wall layers of the germinated conidium and the location of germ tube development (arrow); and b) Germinating conidium kept for 20 minutes in malt extract and treated for 30 min with Fylax Forte-HC liquid, showing septum and a partially collapsed germ tube. Mitochondria (most of the irregularly shaped) are close to a vacuole (v). Bars are 2µm (a) and 1µm (b).
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