ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE February 2024 71 drial ETC function caused by lipid peroxidation, and improved the health status of swimming crab. Overall, results of the study clearly suggested that dietary krill oil promoted the moulting and growth via enhancing the mitochondrial metabolic adaptation and ameliorating the energy homeostasis indicating the influence of feeding on body metabolism and its corresponding energy distribution. CONCLUSION The influence of feeding level on energy distribution in fishes is an important aspect of fish physiology and aquaculture management. When it comes to energy distribution, it typically involves how the energy obtained from the food they consume is allocated to various physiological processes and growth. Feeding level, or the amount of food consumed, can have a significant impact on how this energy is distributed within a fish's body. In aquaculture, understanding the influence of feeding level on energy distribution is crucial for optimizing growth and ensuring the overall health of farmed fish. Researchers use various techniques, such as calorimetry and stable isotope analysis, to study the energy distribution in fishes. Monitoring the energy allocation in fish populations helps in managing fish stocks, assessing the impact of environmental changes, and improving aquaculture practices too. In conclusion, the feeding level of fishes directly affects growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and it is an essential consideration for fisheries management and aquaculture operations. Proper feeding practices are essential to ensure optimal energy distribution and, ultimately, the health and productivity of fish populations. References 1. Alanärä, A., Kadri, S., & Paspatis, M. (2001). Feeding management. Food intake in fish, 332-353. 2. Brody, S., 1945 Bioenergetics and growth. London, Hafner Press 3. Cho, C. Y. (1990). Fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding: with special emphasis on salmonid aquaculture. Food Reviews International, 6(3), 333-357. 4. de Almeida Ozorio, R. O., Andrade, C., Freitas Andrade Timoteo, V. M., Castanheira da Conceicao, L. E., & Pinheiro Valente, L. M. (2009). Effects of feeding levels on growth response, body composition, and energy expenditure in blackspot seabream, Pagellus bogaraveo, Juveniles. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 40(1), 95-103. 5. Hislop, J. R. G., Robb, A. P., & Gauld, J. A. (1978). Observations on effects of feeding level on growth and reproduction in haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.) in captivity. Journal of Fish Biology, 13(1), 85-98. 6. Jobling, M. (1981). The influences of feeding on the metabolic rate of fishes: a short review. Journal of Fish Biology, 18(4), 385-400. 7. Kleiber, M., 1961 The fire of life. New York, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co. 8. Lupatsch, I., Kissil, G. W., & Sklan, D. (2001). Optimization of feeding regimes for European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: a factorial approach. Aquaculture, 202(3-4), 289-302. 9. Maynard, L.A. and J.K. Loosli, 1962 Animal nutrition. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co 10. Paspatis, M., & Boujard, T. (1996). A comparative study of automatic feeding and self-feeding in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets of different energy levels. Aquaculture, 145(1-4), 245-257. 11. Stallings, C. D., Coleman, F. C., Koenig, C. C., & Markiewicz, D. A. (2010). Energy allocation in juveniles of a warm-temperate reef fish. Environmental biology of fishes, 88, 389-398. 12. Winberg, G.G., 1956 Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. Transl.Serv.Fish.Res Board Can., (194) 13. Yuan, Y., Jin, M., Fang, F., Tocher, D. R., Betancor, M. B., Jiao, L., ... & Zhou, Q. (2022). New insight into the molting and growth in crustaceans: regulation of energy homeostasis through the lipid nutrition. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 914590. About Megha S Vinod Megha S Vinod is currently pursuing her MFSc in Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology from ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai. Vinod has published over 10 articles in various journals and magazines till date. Her zone of interest is in fish nutritional studies and its biochemical evaluations.
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