ISSUE FOCUS 36 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE August 2023 ucts, unpasteurised milk products, raw eggs and products containing raw eggs, sprouted seeds and fish products. The main symptoms of salmonellosis include fever, diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. In most of the cases people infected with Salmonella do recover, unfortunately in less than 0.1 % of the cases it can result in death. SALMONELLA AND ITS RELATION TO POULTRY The 1999 report from Steinback and Hartung revealed that approximately 60-65% of human infections were caused by Salmonella arising from poultry, eggs and egg products. Their research also showed that this was nearly exclusively linked to Salmonella enteritidis. Salmonella enteritidis is markedly associated with laying hens, broilers and broiler meat (Figure 1 & Table 1). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and foodborne outbreaks in 2016 reveals that in 2016, 1.47% of the EU breeding flocks were tested Salmonella positive (versus 1.42% in 2015) and 3.71% of adult laying hens flocks were tested positive (versus 2.67% in 2015). S. enteritidis seems to play a dominating role in the European salmonellosis; in 48.5% of all the cases, isolates that belong to S. enteritidis were reported and it is mostly associated with the consumption of eggs, egg products and meat. Figure 1. Reported isolations of Salmonella enteritidis from animals in EU member states and other reporting countries, 2011-2016. Description Other birds Domestic solipeds Reptiles Other ruminants Cats and dogs Pigs and wild boars Ducks Turkeys Geese Other poultry or game birds Cattle Other animals Gallus gallus (fowl) Total isolations in animals 2011 7 8 0 3 8 18 8 34 23 5 23 50 1381 1568 2012 4 4 8 4 20 17 39 16 60 96 62 20 1533 1883 2013 3 5 13 8 3 34 32 21 63 16 60 120 902 1280 2014 2 6 4 - 2 20 24 15 27 141 148 45 954 1388 2015 4 19 1 3 10 19 33 43 27 6 170 22 1237 1594 2016 1 3 3 7 10 17 28 41 21 12 10 607 852 1612 Table 1. Reported isolations of Salmonella enteritidis from animals in EU member states and other reporting countries, 2011-2016.
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