ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE July 2023 73 a stable foam in the rumen due to their detergent properties, leading to issues such as forestomach motility inhibition, photosensitization, liver and kidney degeneration, and other gastrointestinal problems. Furthermore, saponins have shown the potential to enhance the effectiveness of oral vaccines by modifying the permeability of the oral mucosa and exhibiting immune-enhancing properties. APPLICATION OF NUTRACEUTICALS 1. Nutraceuticals offer a valuable approach for preventing and managing diseases in ruminants by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. 2. Nutraceuticals that positively influence the rumen microbiota have the potential to enhance productivity and profitability. This is because the rumen plays a crucial role in both the immune system and overall nutrition. 3. The benefits of nutraceuticals extend beyond cattle health and also have positive effects on the environment, particularly in reducing methane emissions. 4. Nutraceuticals contribute to improved feed quality and increased palatability for ruminants. 5. The use of nutraceuticals enhances feed conversion efficiency and promotes animal growth. Additionally, it helps mitigate environmental stress. 6. Nutraceuticals support the enhancement of immune responses, thereby increasing the immunity of ruminants against diseases. 7. The utilization of nutraceuticals leads to an improved quality of final animal products, which can have positive implications for the market value of these products. EXAMPLES OF NUTRACEUTICALS Gou mix, Garbhamin, Inimixforte, Mxtcare, Govit, Gousac, Godharashakti, Bovoplex oral CONCLUDING REMARKS The prohibition of antibiotics as growth promoters, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, and consumer demand for drug-free animals and high-quality food products present challenges for breeders in the search for alternative methods to control and prevent pathogenic infections. Nutraceuticals offer a valuable solution as feed additives, focusing primarily on their host-protective functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cell survival effects, with the aim of improving productivity. Several major nutraceutical compounds have shown potential in ruminants, including dietary fiber, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary lipids, proteins and peptides (including antimicrobial peptides), and phytonutrients such as tannins and saponins. In ruminants, the rumen microbiota plays a crucial role in both the immune system and nutrition, making nutraceuticals expected to primarily exert rumen-modulating effects. Ruminant livestock production has an environmental impact, particularly through the emission of methane and the excretion of nitrogen in significant quantities, contributing to global methane emissions. Therefore, nutraceuticals not only play a vital role in ruminant health but also have the potential to influence public health by inhibiting methane emissions and reducing the presence of pathogenic bacteria in food products derived from animals. References 1. Amitav, B., &Debashis, R. (2015). Nutraceuticals in livestock and poultry. Nutraceuticals in livestock and poultry. 2. Bertoni, G., Grossi, P., &Trevisi, E. (2013). Use of nutraceuticals for improving animal health during the transition period of dairy cows. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper, (175), 79-83. 3. Bhattacharyya, A., & Roy, D. (2015). Nutraceuticals in livestock and poultry. New India Publishing Agency. 4. Lopreiato, V., Mezzetti, M., Cattaneo, L., Ferronato, G., Minuti, A., &Trevisi, E. (2020). Role of nutraceuticals during the transition period of dairy cows: a review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 11(1), 1-18. 5. Sena, B. D. (2015). Nutraceuticals in livestock feeds. Everyman’s science, 246.
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