Feed & Additive Magazine Issue 2 March 2021

ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE March 2021 35 The FAO and IPCC report cites the effects of climate change on livestock and aquaculture as follows: "Livestock is the most significant user of land- based food systems and its contribution to the livelihoods and food security of millions of people cannot be understat- ed. There is also a large heterogeneity in livestock production, ranging from mixed crop livestock, pasture-raised livestock, and rangeland systems to in- dustrial livestock production. Climate change impact on livestock can be di- rect (e.g. heat stress, disease) or indirect (e.g. water, feed, biodiversity, and loss of habitat). Climate change can also re- duce genetic diversity and limit adap- tive capacity. Furthermore, global warming is expected to al- ter the nutritional composition of food, including the protein value of livestock products as a result of changes in forage quality and the effects of heat stress on animals. Climate change impacts aquaculture and inland fisheries directly as a result of the rise in sea level, salinity of water, drought, floods, water scarcity, and changing rainfall patterns, all of which depend on lo- cation. Climate shocks can cause substantial loss of fish stocks, extinction of species, and loss of infra- structure, all of which lead to dependent populations becoming particularly vulnerable. There is far less research into climate impact on inland fisheries and aquaculture compared with major crops. Moreover, there is a need to better understand the links between climate impacts on inland fish species and nutrition." Global estimates of emissions by species. It includes emissions attributed to edible products and to other goods and services, such as draught power and wool. Beef cattle produce meat and non-edible outputs. Dairy cattle produce milk and meat as well as non-edible outputs. Source: FAO, Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM), Result, http://www.fao.org/gleam Regional emissions. Regional total emissions and their profile by commodity are shown. Results do not include emissions allocated to non- edible products and other services. Source: FAO, Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM), Result, http://www.fao.org/gleam