Feed & Additive Magazine Issue 2 March 2021

ISSUE FOCUS 34 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE March 2021 of water on the Earth evaporate and enter the at- mosphere, and strong winds occur due to the differ- ence in temperature and pressure. This brings with it heavy rains, storms, and tsunamis. In fact, for a habitable world, everything must re- main in its natural balance. The extra gases created by human beings disrupt the balance in nature and threaten the continuity of life on the Earth. WHY ARE GREENHOUSE GASES RISING? The gases that have the highest impact on global warming are carbon dioxide and methane. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the greenhouse gas with the greatest potential for heat retention. The rising rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) due to reasons such as the increase of fossil fuel-powered motor vehicles and power plants, population growth, and the decrease in green areas is one of the most important reasons for the increase in the greenhouse effect. Methane gas is the second greenhouse gas effective in global warming. A significant portion of meth- ane gas is released into the atmosphere from natural sources. But methane gas emissions are increasing every day due to the increase in livestock production on an industrial scale, some agricultural activities, the use of fossil fuels, and uncontrolled waste. Nitrous oxide is the third most important green- house gas. Artificial fertilizer production and some industrial and agricultural activities are the cause of the increase in nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Apart from these, there are gases that are formed entirely due to the human factor and gases of natural origin. But their effects on global warming are lower than those of these three greenhouse gases. IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON LIVESTOCK According to the report entitled "Expert meeting on climate change, land use and food security" pub- lished by the FAO and IPCC, climate change will affect crop production, livestock, fisheries, and aqua- culture in many ways. Negative effects, especially caused by heat and water stress, are based on solid evidence. For example, yield losses are expected to increase in key grains such as wheat and corn due to heat and water stress, albeit it depends on the region. There is also evidence of a decrease in the quality, ie pro- tein and nutrient content, of crops grown under high CO2. It is believed that this situation, which also af- fects feed quality, will affect farm animals and also new problems will arise in terms of food safety.