SPECIAL STORY 56 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE May 2023 At the lower inclusion rate (less than 5 kg/ton of active ingredient), organic acids do not provide full preservation. To ensure adequate fermentation it is advisable to use silage inoculants. Bear in mind that organic acids and silage inoculants cannot be mixed together. ENZYMES The aim of adding enzymes to silage is usually to aid the breakdown of plant cell walls (e.g. use of celluloses and hemi-celluloses). The main benefit of this appears to be an increase in the amount of sugars available for LAB bacteria to convert to lactic acid for more rapid acidification. While there is some evidence of favorable outcomes of this on silage quality and animal production this is less reliable than general silage inoculant approach. In some cases, there are claims of increasing forage digestibility for livestock but evidence for this is less clear. There are also some enzymes aimed at improving starch availability for either bacteria or livestock but research on this is still at an early stage. Literature Kung, L., 1998. A review on silage additives and enzymes. Proc. 59th Minneapolis Nut. Conf. (pp. 121135). Kung, L., 2001. Silage fermentation and additives. Sci. and Tech. in the Feed Ind., 17, pp.145-159. Muck et al., 2018. Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. J. Dairy Sci. 101(5): 3980-4000. References 1. Acosta-Aragon, Y., Jatkauskas, J. and Vrotniakiene, V., 2012. The effect of a silage inoculant on silage quality, aerobic stability and milk production. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2(4), pp.337-342. 2. Aragón, Y.A., 2012. The use of probiotic strains as silage inoculants. In Probiotics in Animals. IntechOpen. 3. Aragón, Y.A., Stadlhofer, J., Schoendorfer, K., Pasteiner, S., Schatzmayr, G., Klimitsch, F., 4. Kreici, G. and Boeck, G 2010, The use of a silage inoculant in silages of grains of Pisum sativum. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 26 (spec.issue), p 451-456. 5. Aragón, Y.A., Stadlhofer, J., Schoendorfer, K., Pasteiner, S., Schatzmayr, G., Klimitsch, F., Kreici, G. and Boeck, G 2010, The use of a silage inoculant in silages of grains of field bean (Vicia faba). Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry 26 (spec.issue), p 451-456. 6. Kesselring, J., Boeck, G., Schoendorfer, K., Hoeger, T. and Schatzmayr, G., Silage fermentation quality in grass silages inoculated with Lactobacillus kefiri alone and a formulation containing L. kefiri. In 15. BOKU-Symposium Tierernährung 129-132. 7. Jatkauskas, J. and Vrotniakienė, V., 2011. Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculant on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of legume-grass silage. Gyvulininkystė: Mokslo Darbai (Animal Husbandry: Scientific Articles), (57), pp.28-39. 8. Jatkauskas, J., Vrotniakiene, V. and Aragón, Y.A., 2010. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of grass-legume silage treated with inoculant BioStabil Plus. 14th Intl. Symp. Forage Cons. 45-47. 9. Rodríguez AA, Acosta Y, Rivera V, Randel PF. Effect of a microbial inoculant on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, intake, and digestibility of corn silage by rams. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu 2016; 29:108-118. 10. Rodriguez AA, Acosta-Aragon Y, Valencia E. Biomin Biostabil Mays enhanced the fermentation and the aerobic stability of corn silage under tropical laboratory conditions. J Anim Sci 2009; 87, E-Suppl. 424. 11. Schöndorfer, K., Aragón, A.Y., Klimitsch, A. and Schatzmayr, G., 2010. Effect of Biostabil Mays on aerobic stability of corn silages. In Conference Proceedings, 14th International Symposium Forage Conservation, Brno, Czech Republic, 17-19 March, 2010 (pp. 152-153). 12. Vrotniakiene, V., Jatkauskas, J., Schnyder, H., Isselstein, J., Taube, F. and Auerswald, K., 2010. Fermentation quality and dry matter losses of grass-legume silage treated with lactic acid bacteria mixture. In: Grassland in a changing world, p.575 - 577. 13. Zwielehner, J., Jatkauskas, J. and Vrotnikiene, V., Silage fermentation quality in whole plant maize inoculated with a novel formulation of a biological inoculant with the recently EU-authorized Lactobacillus kefiri. In 13. BOKU-Symposium Tierernährung, p. 259-263.
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