ISSUE FOCUS 48 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE April 2023 Swine Inflammatory and Necrotic Syndrome (SINS) is a disease affecting pigs and is characterized by fever, inflammation, and necrosis in various organs. The causes of SINS are not fully understood, but factors such as viral infections, genetics, and environmental stressors may play a role. Similar to endotoxins, SINS is believed to be caused by a systemic inflammatory response and involves the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. Understanding the causes of SINS is crucial in reducing the incidence and severity of the syndrome. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The symptoms of swine inflammatory and necrotic syndrome (SINS) can vary depending on the stage and severity of the disease, but some common symptoms include: • Fever: Pigs with SINS often have a high fever that can last for several days. • Inflammation: SINS is characterized by inflammation in various organs of the pig's body, especially the lungs, liver, and spleen. • Necrosis: Necrosis, or death of tissue, is another characteristic of SINS and can be seen in the organs affected by inflammation. • Respiratory symptoms: SINS can cause respiratory signs, such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and an increased breathing rate/panting. • Diarrhea: Some pigs with SINS may also have diarrhea. • Loss of appetite: Pigs with SINS may have a reduced appetite, which can lead to weight loss. • Depression: Pigs affected by SINS may appear depressed and lethargic. • Dehydration: Due to the fever and diarrhea, pigs may become dehydrated. It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other diseases, so a veterinarian should be consulted for a proper diagnosis. LIKELY CULPRITS OF SINS It was initially thought that inflammation and necrosis are exclusively caused by biting and mechanical irritation, however, different studies are demonstrating that there are more causes. According to reviews on the pathology of SINS, three main observations support the view that SINS is primarily an endogenous (internal) disease, even though it may be modified by production practices and other mechanical stressors. • (1) Occurrence in distal (away from the core) body parts such as the tail, teats, and claws • (2) Evidence that SINS can be expressed before birth UNRAVELLING A MYSTERY OF SINS AND ITS TIE TO ENDOTOXINS Josep Garcia-Sirera Global Technical Lead of Toxin Solutions Agrimprove
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