ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE March 2023 63 cal mutation happens if any. On the contrary, the metabolites do not have these concerns (Table 2). Because the production of metabolites by a GMP factory has a strict compliance with GMP production management, while the microbiota product is almost impossible to do that due to all kinds of uncertainty inside gastrointestinal track of animal. In this paper, I would like to introduce two neuroactive molecules, GABA (ƴ-aminobutyric acid) and IAB (sodium butyrate) as feed additive for performance improvement of poultry broiler. Graph 2 describe a proposed metabolites modulator for GBA, using GABA and IAB as example in broiler chickens. GABA is a neurotransmitter, which can go to the brain through central nervous system (CNS), while IAB is an energy source for gut epithelium cells so it can produce more endogenous neurotransmitters as well immune cells. When gut epithelium cells produce more endogenous neurotransmitters as well as immune factors (such as cytokins), the later is part of the immune power of the bird. Both endogenous and exogenous neurotransmitters send vagal and spinal signals to CNS. This helps the brain to react for handling stress of the adverse conditions of undesirable environment or rough and strict management (e.g. beak trimming). On the other hand, brain also can use autonomic nervous system (ANS) to modulate gut function and enterochromaffin cell (ECC), so more luminal hippocampal serotonin (5HT) can be released. This results in more probiotic bacteria in gastrointestinal track. The combination of GABA and IAB makes the process more efficient. There are many separate research by using GABA or IAB (sodium butyrate) for improvement of poultry production, but what I did recently is probably the first effort by using GABA and IAB together in Graph 1. Gut–Brain Axis (GBA) modulated by microbe (probiotic) and its metabolites (postbiotic) Martin et al., 2018
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