ARTICLE 58 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE January 2023 er, researchers have been employing it in aquaculture from the last decade (Table 1). The common functions of AKG in aquaculture are, • Growth promotor Table 1. Effects and supplementation level of Alpha ketoglutarate (AKG) in aquaculture Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Fish species Songpu mirror carp Grass carp Hybrid sturgeon Grass carp fingerlings Juvenile hybrid sturgeon Juvenile hybrid sturgeon Mirror carp Grass carp Red drum juvenile Songpu mirror carp Grass carp Songpu mirror carp Tilapia Songpu mirror carp Supplementation level 0.75 % and 1.0 % 0.75 % 1.0 % 0.75 % 1.0 % 0.75 % 1.5 % 0.75 % 1.0 % 0.4 %, 0.8 % and 1.6 % 0.75 % 1.0 % L-carnitine: AKG – 0.9:0.1 1.0 % Effects Improved weight gain, specific growth rate, final body weight, and protein metabolism. Affected the expressions of HSP70 and PPARγ mRNA in gill, kidney and spleen and the expression of HSP70 mRNA in hepatopancreas. Intestinal development, increased intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. Improved weight gain, specific growth rate, enhanced antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, CAT, GSHPx). Increased WGR, PER, antioxidant enzymes activity and decreased FCR and ammonia concentration in serum, increased the relative expression levels of liver IGF-I and GH genes. High growth performances, weight gain, final body weight, protein efficiency rate. Improved PER and amino acid contents, decreased FCR, upregulated GS activity. Increased body weight, WGR, SGR, SOD, LSZ, decreased FCR and MDA, urea content. Improved protein utilization, fillet yield, immunological responses. Reduced FCR, improved content of calcium and phosphorus in bone Increased plasma globulin content, plasma ALT, AST, and ALP in fish exposed to ammonia. Increased WGR, antioxidant enzymes activity, growth performances. Better growth, body composition, blood parameters, antioxidant status and immune response. Increased FBW, WGR, and survival rate, decreased FCR, strengthen the intestinal enzyme immunosuppressive activities, antioxidant capacities and alleviate the intestinal inflammation. References Wei et al., 2013 J Liang et al., 2014 Chen Di et al., 2015 Hong-quan Wang et al., 2016 Liansheng Wang et al., 2016 Wang et al., 2016 Wang et al., 2016 Zhao et al., 2016 Xu et al., 2017 Ai Feng et al., 2018 Zhao et al., 2018 Ze Fan et al., 2020 Pradhan et al., 2021 Wu et al., 2021 ALP- alkaline phosphatase; ALT- alanine transaminase; AST- aspartate transaminase; CAT-catalase; FBW- final body weight; FCR- feed conversion ratio; GH- growth hormone; GS- glutamine synthetase; GSHPx- glutathione peroxidase; IGF- insulin growth factor; LSZ- lysozyme; MDA- malondialdehyde; PER- protein efficiency ratio; SOD- superoxide dismutase; WGR- weight gain rate.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTUxNjkxNQ==