ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE November 2022 25 al condition to promote lipid absorption is to limit the action of bacterial BSH enzyme. 2. MICROBIAL BILE SALT HYDROLYSE & FAT DIGESTIBILITY Compelling evidence has shown that inhibition of BSH activity should enhance weight gain by altering the bile acids pool, host signaling and lipid metabolism. The ability of growth promoter molecules, such as antibiotics, in promoting growth is highly correlated with the decrease in BSH activity. This mode of action has been shown for many antibiotics growth promoter (salinomycin, avilamycin, bacitracin, monensine, tylosin, …) and was associated to the reduction of intestinal BSH producers. Lactobacillus species is the major producers of this intestinal enzyme, but Clostridium, Listeria, and Staphylococcus are also identified as BSH producers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that some specific minerals sources (e.g.: copper, zinc and manganese) also have an impact on the activity of BSH by two mechanisms: an indirect inhibition by microbiota modulation, similar to antibiotics; a direct inhibition of BSH enzyme through an interaction on its active site. Among these minerals, Cu compounds have the highest inhibition capacity, but few studies associated their growth promoter capacity to the BSH activity. 3. MONOVALENT COPPER, BILE ACID METABOLISM AND GROWTH High dietary levels of Cu are being used since long time to promote the growth of monogastric animals. There are no doubts about the efficacy of Cu in promoting growth, but its mode of action is still under debate. One of possible mechanisms is the inhibition of BSH activity, which has an effect on the dietary utilization and metabolism of lipid. This would render available more energy to the animal. A recent study conducted by Animine in the USA (at the University of Illinois) has shown that growing pigs fed 250ppm of Cu (from monovalent copper) had a higher body weight compared to a group fed 250ppm of Cu sulfate (divalent copper). One of possible explanations for this huge effect on performance is the effect of Cu on BSH activity. Indeed, this trial showed that pigs fed monovalent High Concentration Flowability Safety standards Stability Bioavailability Animal performance POTENTIATED ZINC POTENTIATED ZINC MONOVALENT COPPER HIGHLY PURIFIED MANGANESE an international and independent supplier of precision minerals , www.animine.eu
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