ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE October 2022 33 only be used in limited amounts since producing the finished product is quite intensive as it involves complicated procedures of harvesting, treatment, drying, packaging, and shipping. It is of course by no means a dead end, but a lot more research and development is needed to ensure that this is an economically sound alternative to plant based proteins sources10. • Single Cell Proteins (SCP) These are dried products produced from single cell organisms such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae and have long been a popular source of protein used in animal feeds. SCP have an excellent amino acid profile and it contains essential vitamins, which would make it a good source of protein. However, there is a high nucleic acid content present, and the digestibility is lower than that of conventional plantbased protein sources, therefore, it cannot completely replace conventional protein sources. There is a benefit to SCP production since it is produced from industrial and agricultural waste materials such as molasses, whey, and starch. The yield will largely depend on the microorganism and the substrate used.11 CONCLUSION The idea of replacing conventional plant-based proteins in animal feeds with alternative sources such as insects for example, looks very promising. Although non-conventional protein sources are still very much limited to monogastric feeds and petfood, this already alleviates the pressure of the increased demand for protein sources to use in animal diets. Alternative protein sources are attractive substitutes to conventional plant proteins as they are in many cases not influenced by the weather or climate of a country and they can be grown throughout the year. Many of the above-mentioned examples can be locally produced, reducing the carbon footprint of importing feed ingredients, as well as creating valuable job opportunities within the farming and food production industries. One of the barriers to entry into the market would be the correct classification of and it is important that companies who wish to venture into these markets potentially seek out assistance during the application phase to avoid potential delays. References: 1. https://www.fao.org/3/y5019e/y5019e03.htm 2. https://medcraveonline.com/JNHFE/review-onnutritional-limitations-and-opportunities-of-usingrapeseed-meal-and-other-rape-seed-by-products-inanimal-feeding.html 3. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2009/1069/201912-14 4. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/142/2021-12-05 5. https://www.poultryworld.net/health-nutrition/ eu-lifts-ban-on-using-animal-by-products-for-poultry-feed/ 6. https://www.eitfood.eu/blog/insects-as-food-andfeed-in-europe-the-future-of-protein 7. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2001/999/oj 8. https://ipiff.org/insects-eu-legislation/ 9. https://www.globalseafood.org/advocate/the-red-earthworm-as-an-alternative-protein-source-in-aquafeeds/ 10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0377840118302049#! 11. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajft.2011.103.116 About Dawn Botha Dawn Botha was born and raised in South Africa and completed her Master of Science in dairy nutrition at the University of Stellenbosch near Cape Town. Later in her career, she took an interest in marketing management and decided to add this to her skill set. She has extensive experience within the animal nutrition and animal health fields, in particular production animals, and has worked for multinational animal health companies in South Africa. She joined the team from Pen & Tec Consulting as their Technical Marketing Manager and is now based in Barcelona, Spain. Pen & Tec Consulting have recently became part of the Argenta Global group.
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