ISSUE FOCUS FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE September 2022 23 and colloids that, when incorporated into mixed feed, can increase the stability of the feed when exposed to water. The high temperatures associated with the extrusion process often employed in aquatic feed processing activate changes in seaweed fibre that lead to changes in feed texture (Wan et al., 2018). For example, a study by Hashim and Saat (1992) demonstrated that when Ulva seaweed or extracted carrageenan supplemented diets were immersed in water, these diets lost less mass compared to a similar diet without added seaweed. More importantly, seaweed fibres also possess prebotic properties in aquatic and terrestrial animals (Jesus Raposo et al, 2016). In addition, sulphated seaweed fibre can display bacteriostatic and immune modulating properties (Wan et al., 2018). For example, Cheng et al (2008) tested the bacteriostatic properties and reported increased survival rates in fish challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus when fed seaweed fibres. In another study, seaweed fibre extracts from the brown seaweed Laminaria sp. were reported to have immune stimulatory affects in Atlantic salmon (Dalmo and Seljelid, 1995). Peixoto et al. (2019) challenged European sea bass with Photobacterium damselae (PD) and reported that an extract from the red seaweed Gracilaria sp. added to diets modulated resistance to the PD infection. A similar study investigating the effects of a green seaweed Ulva ohnoi in diets for sea bass and sea bream concluded that the seaweed had an immunostimulatory effect and positively influenced oxidative metabolism (Martinez-Antequera et al., 2021). However, given the issues surrounding the use of antimicrobials and replacement of fishmeal in aquaculture, the potential of seaweed fibre is even greater as a prebiotic. Recently Liu et al. (2019) evaluated the prebiotic effects of seaweeds in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp and reported enhanced hepatopancreas immunity and enhanced antioxidative status in shrimp consuming the diets containing seaweed. They also reported modifications in intestinal microbiota, A unique combination of seaweed fibres, with proven prebiotic benefits in aquaculture Supports a Balanced Microbiota Enhances Digestive Efficiency Improves Growth Rates Increases Survival Rates Manufactured by Ocean Harvest Technology www.oceanharvesttechnology.com Irish Facility 00353 (0) 93 51 807 Available in Crumble, Meal and Fine Powder forms OceanFeedTM Seaweed Blends
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