ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE August 2022 61 break to stronger chemicals which could keep those anticoccidials effective long-term. Incorporating feed additives into rotation, shuttle or bio-shuttle programs can help keep current anticoccidial drugs effective while keeping performance at the expected level when other strategies are implemented. References *Not all products and services are available in every region 1. Blake DP, Knox J, Dehaeck B, Huntington B, Rathinam T, Ravipati V, Ayoade S, Gilbert W, Adebambo AO, Jatau ID, Raman M, Parker D, Rushton J, and Tomley FM (2020) Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet. Res. 51:115. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13567-020-00837-2 2. Chapman HD and Rathinam T (2022) Focused review: The role of drug combinations for the control of coccidiosis in commercially reared chickens. International Journal of Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 18:32-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.01.001 3. Glorieux M, Newman LJ, Wang YT, De Herdt P, Hautekeur J, De Gussem M, Christiaens I, and Verbeke J (2022) Sustainable coccidiosis control implication based on susceptibility of European Eimeria field isolates to narasin + nicarbazin from farms using anticoccidials medication or coccidial vaccines. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 31: 100263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2022.100263 4. Grumbles LC, Delaplane JP, Higgins TC (1948) Continuous feeding of low concentrations of sulfaquinoxaline for the control of coccidiosis in poultry. Poult Sci 27(5). https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0270605 5. Shirley MW, McDonald V, Bellatti MA (1986) Eimeria brunetti: selection and characteristics of a precocious (and attenuated) line. Avian Pathol 15(4):70517. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079458608436333 6. Tewari AK andMaharana BR (2011) Control of poultry coccidiosis: changing trends. J. Parasit. Dis. 35(1):1017. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-011-0034-7 About Shelby Ramirez Shelby Ramirez is the Global Poultry Technical Manager at DSM Animal Nutrition & Health. She holds a PhD (Iowa State University) and MS (University of Illinois) in nutritional physiology and applied nutrition, respectively. She continued in research as postdoctoral research at USDA and research manager at Biomin before her current role where she enjoys communicating science into application. Table 1. Reflections on anticoccidial strategies used in commercial production* Mode of action Ability to induce resistance Relative strength Potential coverage for Gram-positive bacteria Compatibility with no antibiotic ever program Relative cost Ionophores Eimeria inhibition ++ ++ ++ No + Vaccines Host immunity ? + + Yes + Feed additives** Varies based on compound used ?? ++ + Yes + Chemicals Eimeria inhibition +++ +++ + Yes ++ *Summarized information from references provided. **Feed additives may include phytogenics, prebiotics, probiotics, novel metabolic modulators, etc.
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