ARTICLE FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE July 2022 63 the cultivation of various microbes and algae, which contain more than 30% protein in their biomass and which can provide a healthy balance of essential amino acids. Microbial protein is generally referred to as single cell protein (SCP), although some of the producing microbes, such as filamentous fungi or filamentous algae, may be multicellular. High growth rates or ability to utilize unique substrates, such as CO2 or methane, result in processes which offer much higher efficiency and/or sustainability than it is possible from traditional agriculture. Microbial protein utilizes waste or raw materials and microorganisms on large scale, convert substrate with high efficiency, increasing microbial growth that results in good productivity. Also, seasonal factors have no effect on effectiveness of process. SCP products contain high quantity of nucleic acid (6-10%) that increases uric acid level in serum. This access in quantity results in precipitation of uric acid which can cause health problems i.e. formation of gout and kidney stone. The recommended dose of SCP supplemented to human or animal diet should have nucleic acid contents below 2%. SCPs are used in animal diet like in the diet of fattening calves, pigs, broilers, as laying hens feed, fish breeding and feeding of pet. This is also used in foodstuffs as emulsifying agent, carrier of vitamins and scents, in soups, baked items as nutritional supplement, readymade meals and food recipes and have also applications in leather and paper processing and in foam stabilizing agent industry. Medicinal uses of Spirulina enhance antiviral and anticancer activity, improve and strengthen immune system. SCP production is a good way to overcome environmental pollution by utilizing waste materials. It is an efficient tool to transform agricultural waste such as rice hulls, rice straw, starchy residues and manure as a substrate into useful products. MICROORGANISMS FOR SINGLE CELL PROTEIN (SCP) PRODUCTION SINGLE CELL PROTEIN (SCP)-YEAST There are several different sources of SCP and one of them is yeast, i.e. single cell fungi. Yeast is a good source of SCP. Nowadays, it is frequently used in animal feed as food supplements (dog and fish feed) and used as seasoning food in vegetarian diet. Yeast cell is larger than bacterial cell, can easily harvest, have high lysine and malic acid contents and low nucleic acid contents. Yeast cells have capability to grow on acidic pH. Yeast has low growth rate, low methionine and protein content (45-65%) as compared to bacteria. Yeast is also a good source for SCP
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