MARKET REPORT FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE June 2022 73 Research (VMR) includes the following information about feed antioxidants: In the same way that oxidation causes rust and deterioration in metals, a similar form of oxidation occurs in feeds and feedstuffs, resulting in rancidity of fats, loss of vitamins A, D, and E, pigments (carotenoids), and amino acids, and decreasing biological energy values for the diet. If this degradation is permitted to continue unabated in a feed, or even in a single ingredient, reduced feed consumption can lead to severe nutrient shortages. Many researchers have researched the many difficulties caused by uncontrolled oxidation and created methods to control these oxidation processes. It should be highlighted that oxidative rancidity, as opposed to hydrolytic rancidity, results in a significant loss in the energy value of fat or oil. Unwanted oxidation in feeds can be mitigated in a variety of ways. It is important to ensure that the components included in the feeds provide appropriate margins of safety for vitamins A, E, and other natural antioxidants, such as lecithin. When feasible, the use of unstable fats and oils, as well as other pro-oxidants, in feed should be avoided. An antioxidant must meet the following criteria to be useful in animal feeding: it must be effective in preserving animal and vegetable fats, vitamins, and other feed qualities subject to oxidative destruction, it must be non-toxic to humans and farm animals (i.e., chickens, swine, fish, etc.), it must be effective at very low concentrations, and it must be low enough in cost. With the introduction of rations high in animal and vegetable fats, the need for antioxidant protection has become increasingly clear. The majority of recent research has focused on ethoxyquin as a preservative or antioxidant. Ascorbic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, and their salts are some more chemical preservatives. The use of these preservatives causes technological issues (e.g., moisture level, etc.). However, economics remains the most crucial factor limiting their use in feeds. MARKET GROWTH EXPECTATIONS Antioxidants are widely used in areas such as food and feed for preservative purposes. Overall, the size of the global antioxidants market is estimated to be valued at $3.5 - $4 billion. In the report entitled "Antioxidants Market by Type: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2022–2031" prepared by Allied Market Research; the global antioxidant market size was valued at $3,437.3 million in 2020, and is projected to reach $7,376.4 million by 2031, registering a CAGR of 6.9% from 2022 to 2031. Market research companies have varying estimates of the size and growth prospects of the global animal feed antioxidants market. However, when the expectations in these reports are averaged, it seems that the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) expectation for the 2022-2030 period is around 4.2%. Based on an estimated market size of $270 million
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