ARTICLE 54 Alternative Proteins Magazine October 2024 stool odor, indicating potential health benefits associated with the consumption of silkworm-based diets. Silkworms also offer a range of bioactive compounds beyond high-quality proteins and fats. Phospholipids play crucial roles in cell membrane structure and function, promoting cellular health in fish and shrimp, enhancing growth and immune response. Sterols contribute to hormonal balance and vitality in poultry, aiding in egg production and overall health. Chitin, known for its antimicrobial properties, supports gut health in dogs and cats, reducing digestive issues. 1-DNJ (1-deoxynojirimycin) helps regulate blood sugar levels in pets, particularly beneficial for diabetic management. Omega-3 fatty acids from silkworms enhance skin and coat health in dogs and cats, reducing inflammation and allergies. Palatability enhancers ensure silkworm-based diets are appealing to ornamental fish and birds, encouraging adequate intake and growth. By harnessing these bioactive compounds, silkworm-based diets can optimize health outcomes across various species, from improved growth and Shrimp Giant River Prawn Trout Abalone Pompano Rainbow shark Koi Replacement of fish meal with defatted silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupae meal in diets for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) - ScienceDirect) https://ojs.library.okstate.edu/osu/index.php/OAS/ article/view/8240 https://intapi.sciendo.com/pdf/10.1515/aopf2016-0006 (9th-National-Proceedings-of-Livestock-andFisheries-Research-Nepal.pdf (researchgate.net)) (Effect of fishmeal substitution with various animal and/or plant protein sources in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino - Cho - 2010 - Aquaculture Research - Wiley Online Library) https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2740866/v1 (View of Effect of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae on the growth and maturation of Rainbow shark Epalzeorhynchos frenatum (Fowler, 1934) under captive rearing (icar.org.in)) (Evolution Aqua Silkworm Pupae - Absolute Koi (absolute-koi.com) (Supersilk-20 - Kusuri Products) (Koi Food for Sale | Silkworm Koi Treats | The Pond Guy) ● 75% silkworm pupae replace fish meal ● Increased survival rate ● No significant growth difference vs. control. ● Best survival rate ● Highest % body mass increase Silkworm Pupae Meal (45% protein) superior ● 10% fish meal replaced with silkworm pupae ● No adverse effects on FCR, SGR, WG, CF, SR, protein/lipid content, NPU ● Lowest FCR (1.32-1.33) with silkworm pupae - Inferior FCR (10.14) with synthetic amino acids ● 16% inclusion with soymeal ● Weight gain = 74% Survival = 99% - Shell length = 51.9 Shell width = 33.8 ● Improved blood profile up to 50% FM protein replacement ● Beyond 50% affects intestines (necrotic lesions, cell detachment) ● Safe replacement: 30.5% FM protein (9.5% SWP) ● 30% fish meal replaced with silkworm pupae (protein = 55.63%, Fat = 27.41%) ● Higher weight gain (5.18±0.28 g) ● Higher specific growth rate, SGR (2.54±0.07% day-1) ● Improved protein efficiency ratio, PER (1.50±0.04) - Better feed conversion ratio, FCR (1.91±0.06) compared to control (weight gain – 2.76 ± 0.02, SGR – 1.79, PER – 0.96, FCR – 2.85±0.02) ● Full fat Silkworm pupae meal enhances color and growth rate when fed up to 30% of total food volume above 15℃ ● Including 20% full fat silkworm pupae meal promotes excellent growth, color, and reduces waste ● Natural source of lipids and proteins for superior Koi growth, used daily or as a seasonal treat to enhance weight, sheen, and lustre Name Observation and Benefits Reference Table 4. Application of Silkworm Pupae Meals in Aquatic Species Diet with benefits observed
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