ARTICLE 36 Alternative Proteins Magazine October 2024 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T22 T23 T24 T25 T26 T27 T28 T29 T30 T1 T2 Waste 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 mAU ml Ladder F3 18 kDa 14 kDa 6 kDa 3 kDa F4 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Although ongoing research on AMPs shows promising in vitro antimicrobial properties, its applications in the insect industry and commercial products face several key challenges. First, the understanding of insect immune systems and the mechanisms involved in AMPs production, particularly in Hermetia illucens, remains limited. This lack of knowledge hampers treatments to efficiently enhance AMPs levels in the BSFL stage, posing challenges in both trial-scale and large-scale production. Additionally, AMPs share the same characteristics of a protein, such as thermal sensitivity, active pH, and enzyme digestion. These put special requirements on scale-up processing and storage methods which need to be carefully optimized to preserve the antimicrobial activity of these peptides, as improper extraction and purification can degrade their effectiveness. Another challenge is ensuring the stability of AMPs in digestive tract systems. As proteins, AMPs can be broken down during digestion, potentially losing their bioactivity before they can act against pathogens, making it difficult to maintain their effectiveness when used as feed additives. The potential of BSFL meal, combined with the antimicrobial properties of its peptides, offers a promising solution for sustainable protein sources and natural disease management in livestock and aquaculture. However, understanding is needed, such as enriching the amount of AMPs, improving their bioactivity, and overcoming limitations in processing and digestion. To drive sustainable development, collaboration between researchers, the BSF industry, and the feed industry is essential. By working together, they can unlock the full potential of BSFL products, improve efficiency, and address the growing need for alternatives to antibiotics in animal farming. References 1. Jian Peng,Lu Li,Yan Wan,Yifan Yang,Xiaoqin An,Kexin Yuan,Zhilang Qiu,Yinhui Jiang,Guo Guo,Feng Shen,Guiyou Liang Molecular characterization and antimicrobial activity of cecropin family in Hermetia illucens, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105111 2. Vogel H, Müller A, Heckel DG, Gutzeit H, Vilcinskas A, Diversification and diet-dependent expression of antimicrobial peptides in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.008. 3. Zhang J, Li J, Peng Y, Gao X, Song Q, Zhang H, Elhag O, Cai M, Zheng L, Yu Z, Zhang J. Structural and functional characterizations and heterogenous expression of the antimicrobial peptides, Hidefensins, from black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106032 Figure 2. (a) Chromatogram of the protein extract. (b) The molecular weight of F3 and F4 through SDS-PAGE visualization a b
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