Feed & Additive Magazine Issue 25 February 2023

ARTICLE 60 FEED & ADDITIVE MAGAZINE February 2023 identical nutrition and management post-calving. This translated into an additional 36 kg of body weight at first calving. While we may not directly measure improved immune status's economic value, we can place value on increased ADG and body weight at calving5. At a milk price of € 0,29 to € 0,58, this is an additional € 4.618 to € 9.237 in income (Table 2). SUMMARY In the last 25 years, there has been unequivocal evidence showing choline supplementation during the transition period improves lactation performance and cow health6. More recent research strongly suggests an in utero response to choline, which ultimately affects calf health and performance. As we learn more about the implications of in utero programming, dry cow nutrition becomes even more important. Feeding essential nutrients to dams during critical periods of gestation can have immediate and long-term effects on their calves. Give the calf a head-start by feeding ReaShure®-XC Precision Release Choline. References: 1. Caudill M. A., B. J. Strupp, L. Muscalu, J. E. H. Nevins, and R. L. Canfield. 2018. Maternal choline supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy improves infant information processing speed: a randomized, double-blind, controlled feeding study. FASEB J. 32(4):2172-2180. 2. Shaw G. M., R. H. Finnell, H. J. Blom, S. L. Carmichael, S. E. Vollset, W. Yang, and P. M. Ueland. 2009. Choline and risk of neural tube defects in a folate-fortified population. Epidemiology. 20(5):714-719. 3. Zenobi, M. G., R. Gardinal, J. E. Zuniga, A. L. G. Dias, C. D. Nelson, J. P. Driver, B. A. Barton, J. E. P. Santos, and C. R. Staples. 2018a. Effects of supplementation with ruminally protected choline on performance of multiparous Holstein cows did not depend upon prepartum caloric intake. J. Dairy Sci. 101:1088–1110. 4. Zenobi, M. G., J. M. Bollatti, A. M. Lopez, B. A. Barton, C. L. Hixson, F. P. Maunsell, W. W. Thatcher, K. Miller-Cushon, J. E. P. Santos, C. R. Staples, and C. D. Nelson. 2022. Effects of maternal choline supplementation on performance and immunity of progeny from birth to weaning. J. Dairy Sci. 105:9896–9916. 5. Staley, Gavin. “Why Heifer Maturity Matters: The Peter Pan Problem.” Progressive Dairy, March 2020, pp.53-55. 6. Arshad, U., M. G. Zenobi, C. R. Staples, and J. E. Santos. 2020. Meta-analysis of the effects of supplemental rumen-protected choline during the transition period on performance and health of parous dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 103:282-300. Additional Body Weight at First Calving 36 kg2 Milk Price €/kg € 0,353 € 0,294 € 0,585 Additional Milk Income/Year From 1st Lactation Animals (35) (100 cow herd x 35% heifers = 35 heifers) € 5.574 € 4.618 € 9.237 Additional Milk/Year 455 kg Table 2. The value of a heavier heifer at first calving1 1Staley, Gavin. “Why Heifer Maturity Matters: The Peter Pan Problem.” Progressive Dairy. (11 March 2020): 53-55. 2Zenobi et al., J Dairy Sci. 101:1088-1110 (2018) 32019 Average Milk Price EU-28 42019 Lowest Milk Price EU-28 52019 Highest Milk Price EU-28

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